Biological Systems MCAT Practice Exam

Which type of neuron is primarily located in the dorsal root ganglion?

1. Motor neurons

2. Relaying neurons

3. Sensory neurons

4. Interneurons

The correct answer is: Sensory neurons

The dorsal root ganglion primarily contains sensory neurons, which are responsible for transmitting sensory information from peripheral sensory receptors to the central nervous system. These neurons have specialized structures, known as dorsal root ganglion cells, which are unipolar and have a single process that splits into two branches: one that connects to sensory receptors and the other that extends into the spinal cord. Sensory neurons play a crucial role in conveying information about stimuli such as pain, temperature, and touch. Their location in the dorsal root ganglion allows for the efficient processing and transmission of sensory input to the brain, making them essential for the functioning of the sensory system. In contrast, motor neurons, which are responsible for sending signals from the CNS to muscles, are located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, and interneurons, which facilitate communication between neurons, are primarily found in the gray matter of the spinal cord. Relaying neurons, often referring to interneurons or other types specifically involved in processing and passing information, do not specifically represent the primary type found in the dorsal root ganglion.